Indigenous vs. imported technology: insufficient parameters of control
Guns, traps, hatchets, whiskey
Trucks, snow mobiles, power boats
Barter/trade consumerism: European trinkets and fur
consumption leads to excess harvest
trade usage exceeds survival needs
Forced migrations and removals
disruption of culture area/tribal group balance
fragmentation of tribal groups
loss of "lived-landscape"
Reservations as anti-ecosystems
tribal inability on reservation to live in harmony with nature
problem of food supply, local density, sanitation
Reactive hostility to eco-management
game laws perceived as white exploitation to continue suppression
over-fishing/hunting as a token of independence of US gov't
Disenfranchisement, poverty & exploitation
culture of "disposession" leads to enviromental abuse
compare Battle Creek~reservation
centuries of oppression generate culture of despair
current needs pit powerful economic forces against Amerindians
New Consciousness
legal and other confrontations to restore rights
convergence of Native American & other minority environmental interests
importation of legal/media/organizational skills from outside
stronger sense of tribal identities & of rights of ownership
some emerging sense of ecological responsibility